Introduction
CBSE Class 10th Science Paper Leaked 2025- The chapter addressing Acids, Bases, and Salts in Class 10 presents essential principles in the field of chemistry. A thorough comprehension of the properties, reactions, and applications associated with these substances serves as a fundamental basis for more complex topics in the discipline. For an extensive review, reference may be made to the Acid Base and Salt Class 10 PDF.
CBSE Class 10th Science Paper Leaked 2025- ACID BASE AND SALTS (VVIQ)
1. Acids
Definition: Acids are characterized by their ability to release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in aqueous solutions.
Properties:
- Acids are distinguished by their sour taste, as exemplified by substances such as lemon juice and vinegar.
- They are capable of transforming blue litmus paper into red.
- The electrical conductivity of acids is attributed to their complete dissociation in solution, particularly in strong acids.
- Acids engage in reactions with bases, resulting in the formation of salts.
Examples of Acids:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
- Nitric acid (HNO₃)
A detailed exposition of acids and their properties can be found in the Acid-Base and Salt Class 10 Notes PDF.
2. Bases
Definition: Bases are defined as substances that yield hydroxide ions (OH⁻) upon dissolving in water.
Properties:
- Bases possess a bitter taste, with examples including soap and baking soda.
- They cause red litmus paper to turn blue.
- Bases exhibit a slippery texture to the touch.
- They react with acids to generate salts.
Examples of Bases:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)
For a graphical representation of the properties and reactions of acids and bases, the Acids Bases and Salts Chart can be consulted.
3. Salts
Definition: Salts are produced when an acid reacts with a base, leading to a neutralization reaction that yields water and a salt product.
Types of Salts:
- Normal Salts: Result from complete neutralization, exemplified by sodium chloride (NaCl).
- Acidic Salts: Arise when an acid is only partially neutralized, such as ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl).
- Basic Salts: Formed when a base is partially neutralized, illustrated by sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃).
A thorough investigation into the various types of salts and their formation can be accessed in the Salts Class 10 PDF.
4. pH Scale
Definition: The pH scale quantifies the acidity or basicity of a solution, operating within a range of 0 to 14.
- A pH value less than 7 signifies acidity.
- A pH of 7 denotes neutrality.
- A pH value exceeding 7 indicates basicity.
The Acid Base and Salt Class 10 Question Answer section aids in the understanding of practical applications associated with the pH scale in daily life.
5. Indicators
Definition: Indicators are substances that exhibit a colour change based on the acidic or basic nature of a solution.
- Litmus paper: Transforms to red in acidic environments and blue in alkaline conditions.
- Phenolphthalein: Remains colourless in acid and turns pink in a base.
Indicators play a significant role in assessing the pH level of a solution, a fundamental aspect of the Acid-Base and Salt Class 10 curriculum.
Key Questions for Class 10 (2025)
1. Define Acids, Bases, and Salts with examples.
- Acids: Substances that release H⁺ ions in solution; for instance, hydrochloric acid (HCl).
- Bases: Substances that release OH⁻ ions in solution; for example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
- Salts: Result from the interaction of an acid and a base; for instance, sodium chloride (NaCl).
2. What is the pH scale? Discuss its significance.
The pH scale serves as a measure of a solution’s acidity or basicity, spanning from 0 to 14. Values below 7 indicate an acidic solution, 7 indicates neutrality, and values above 7 signify a basic solution. The pH plays an integral role in various chemical processes, such as those occurring in digestion and plant growth.
3. What constitutes the process of neutralization? Provide a balanced equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Neutralization refers to the chemical reaction occurring between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of salt and water.
Example:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O.
4. What role do indicators serve in assessing acidity or basicity?
Indicators are substances that alter their colour in response to the pH of a solution. For instance, litmus paper displays a red colour in acidic solutions and a blue colour in basic solutions.
5. Provide the reaction equation for sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide.
H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O.
6. How can the strength of an acid or base be determined?
The strength of an acid or base is assessed based on its degree of dissociation in water. Strong acids and bases dissociate completely, whereas weak acids and bases undergo partial dissociation. The pH scale serves as a tool for identifying relative strength (lower pH for stronger acids and higher pH for stronger bases).
7. Provide examples of salts formed through the neutralization of acids and bases.
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) resulting from HCl + NaOH.
- Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) is produced from HNO₃ + KOH.
ALSO VISIT – Acid, Base and Salts Complete Chapter ONE SHOT🔥| Class 10th Science Chapter 2 | Full NCERT Covered
Conclusion
Engagement with the Acid Base and Salt Class 10 PDF alongside resources such as the Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 NCERT is imperative for students aspiring to achieve proficiency in the essential concepts surrounding acids, bases, and salts. Utilizing the Acid Base and Salt Class 10 Question Answer will facilitate the enhancement of problem-solving capabilities, while participation in the Acid Bases and Salts Class 10 MCQ Online Test offers an enjoyable method for knowledge assessment. Students should explore these resources thoroughly in preparation for their examinations.
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